ODNR Division of Wildlife - A to Z Species Guide - Tree Swallow

Tree Swallow

This is our hardiest swallow; the first spring arrivals may appear in late February/early March, and linger into late November. The largest numbers of tree swallows are always around wetlands, and in late September/early October, enormous congregations can form, sometimes numbering into the thousands.

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Tree Swallow

Tachycineta bicolor

At-a-Glance

• Peak Breeding Activity: May-September

• Incubation: 11-19 days

• Clutch Size: 2-8 eggs

• Young Fledge: 15-25 days after hatching

• Typical Foods: insects and some fruit

Description
The tree swallow is a metallic blue above and a bright white below. The bill is tiny.

Habitat and Habits
Tree swallows prefer open country with water nearby; peak numbers in large marshes and wetland complexes, particularly with dead, standing timber. Vocalizations are melodious, liquid twitters and higher pitched chirps.

Reproduction and Care of the Young
Tree swallows are cavity nesters, and the proliferation of nest boxes erected for Eastern bluebirds has also benefited this species. They usually nest solitarily. Females incubate the eggs and brood the chicks. Both parents feed the young.